Jacek Kotłowski, Director of the NBP's Economic Analysis and Research Department, says that inflation will return to the tolerance band in Q3. The NBP assumes a rebound to +3.6% Y/Y in 4Q25 because of the assumed unfreezing of energy prices and a subsequent return to the tolerance band. If prices do not rebound as expected or the freezing mechanism is extended, then inflation will be lower.
- Note that the consensus view is that prices will not rebound significantly, either because of energy market dynamics, or because of further government intervention, or both.
- The NBP did take into account a cut to natural gas tariffs taking effect this month.
- The NBP expects a stronger decline in core inflation in 2026-27 amid softening demand pressure and slowing wage growth.
- Kotłowski also points to a significant longer-term risk from the planned implementation of the EU ETS2 system in 2027, which could add 2pp to inflation and weigh on economic growth. This was not accounted for in the latest projection.
- NBP analysts do not see Germany's fiscal stimulus package as a game-changer, think its perception is exaggerated, possibly because of Germany's earlier fiscal conservatism. Kotłowski says that when its value is divided by 10 years, the magnitude is no longer so impressive, while the German economy faces multiple structural challenges.
- Kotłowski was speaking at a press conference to present the NBP's July Inflation Report, which supported the latest rate decision.