Voting among grassroots members in the presidential election for the governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) closed earlier on 3 October, ahead of the ballot among lawmakers on 4 October. Each of the 295 eligible LDP lawmakers will receive a vote, while the ballots of the 915k party members will be proportionally weighted into 295 votes. To win in the first round, one candidate requires 296 votes.
- It is viewed as unlikely that a single candidate will achieve this level of support, meaning an immediate run-off then takes place between the two highest-scoring candidates. In the run-off, the 295 LDP lawmakers each receive one vote, as do each of the 47 prefectural chapters of the LDP, meaning a total of 342 votes can be cast. Presuming all lawmakers and prefectures cast a ballot, 172 would be the number to secure victory.
- If the procedure of the 2025 contest mirrors that in 2024, counting of votes in the first round should get underway ~13:00JST (00:00ET, 05:00BST). If there is no first-round winner, the run-off will start immediately afterwards, with a result then likely in the mid-to-late afternoon.
- Betting markets continue to view Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister Shinjiro Koizumi as the strong favourite, with Polymarket assigning the 44-year-old an 83% implied probability of winning. Opinion polls among LDP members have shown Koizumi and former Minister of State for Economic Security Sanae Takaichi (64) as the frontrunners, with Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi in third.